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Summary of the Studies

1 : Jeroboam – early days : 1 Kings 11:26-40

2 : Jeroboam's Sin : 1 Kings 12:1-4,20,23-33

3 : Jeroboam challenged : 1 Kings 13:1-8,33,34

4 : Jeroboam's Son : 1 Kings 14:1-20

5 : Nadab & Baasha : 1 Kings 15:25 – 16:7

6 : Elah, Zimri & Omri : 1 Kings 16:8-20

7 : Omri & Ahab : 1 Kings 16:21 -34

Recap 1 : Jeroboam and the early kings

8 : Ahab and Elijah : 1 Kings 17:1, 18:1-6,16-20

9 : Ahab looks on : 1 Kings 18:20,21,38-46

10 : Ahab is besieged : 1 Kings 19:1,2 – 20:1-12

11 : Ahab receives help : 1 Kings 20:13-29

12 : Ahab spares Aram : 1 Kings 20:29-43

13 : Ahab, Jezebel & Naboth : 1 Kings 21:1-29

14 : Ahab & Jehoshaphat : 1 Kings 22:1-17

15 : Judgement and Execution : 1 Kings 22:18 - 40

Recap 2 : Ahab

16 : Ahaziah : 1 Kings 22:51 -53 / 2 Kings 1:1-

17 : Joram & Elisha : 2 Kings 3:1-27

18 : Naaman & Israel : 2 Kings 5:1-14

19 : A Blind Army : 2 Kings 6:8-23

20 : The 2 nd Siege of Samaria : 2 Kings 6:24-7:20

21 : Joram killed : 2 Kings 8:28-10:17

22 : Jehu : 2 Kings 10:18-36

23 : Jehoahaz : 2 Kings 13:1-9

24 : Jehoash : 2 Kings 13:10-13 / 14:8-16

25 : Jeroboam II : 2 Kings 14:23-29

Recap 3 : Aram

26 : Zechariah, Shallum & Menahem: 2 Kings 15:8-22

27 : Pekahiah & Pekah : 2 Kings 15:23-31

28 : Hoshea & Israel's end : 2 Kings 17:1-23

Additional Note : Sins of Israel : 2 Kings 17:7-17

29. The Corrupted Land : 2 Kings 17:24-41

Recap 4: The last kings

Kings of Judah and Israel

(NB. The references in the left hand column refer to the kings of Judah while the ones in the far right column refer to the kings of Israel . You will note that the kings of Israel are only mentioned in 2 Chronicles as asides to the main accounts about the kings of Judah .)

	JUDAH	ISRAEL
1 Kings 11:43-12:24 1 Kings 14:21 -31 2Chr 10:1 – 12:16	Rehoboam 930BC (17yrs)	Jeroboam 930BC (22yrs)	1 Kings 11:26 -40 12:25 -13:8,33,34 14:1-20 2 Chron13:2-20
1 Kings 15:1-8 2Chr 13:1 – 14:1	Abijah 913BC (3 yrs)
1 Kings 15:9-24 2Chr 14:1 – 16:14	Asa 910BC (41yrs)	Nadab 909BC (2yrs)	1 Kings 15:25 -28
		Baasha 908BC (24yrs)	1 Kings 15:27 -16:7 2 Chron 16:1-6
		Elah 886BC (2yrs)	1 Kings 16:8-14
		Zimri 885BC (7 days)	1 Kings 16:15 -20
		Omri 886BC (12yrs)	1 Kings 16:21 -28
1 Kings 22:41 -50 2Chr 17:1 – 21:3	Jehoshaphat 872BC (25yrs)	Ahab 874BC (22yrs)	1 Kings 16:29 -33, 18:1-19:2, 20:1-22:40 2 Chron 18:1-34
		Ahaziah 853BC (2yrs)	1 Kings 22:51 -53 2 Kings 1:1-18 2 Chron 20:35-37
2 Kings 8:16-24 2Chr 21:4-20	Jehoram 853BC (8yrs)	Joram 852BC (12yrs)	2 Kings 3:1-27, 9:14-26 2 Chron 22:5-9
2 Kings 8:25-29, 9:27 -29 2Chr 22:1-9	Ahaziah 841BC (1yr)	Jehu 841BC (28yrs)	2 Kings 9:1-10:36
2 Kings 11:1-21 2Chr 22:10 – 23:21	Athaliah 841BC (6yrs)
2 Kings 12:1-21 2Chr 24:1-27	Joash 835BC (40yrs)	Jehoahaz 814BC (17yrs)	2 Kings 13:1-9
2 Kings 14:1-20 2Chr 25:1-28	Amaziah 796BC (29yrs)	Jehoash 798BC (16yrs)	2 Kings 13:10-13 2 Chron 25:17-24
2 Kings 15:1-7 2Chr 26:1-23	Uzziah 791BC [Azariah – co-regent initially ] (52yrs)	Jeroboam II 793BC [co-regent initially] (41yrs)	2 Kings 14:23-29
		Zechariah 753BC (6 months)	2 Kings 15:8-12
		Shallum 752BC (1 month)	2 Kings 15:13-16
2 Kings 15:32-38 2Chr 27:1-9	Jotham 750BC (16yrs)	Menahem 752BC (10yrs)	2 Kings 15:17-22
		Peckahiah 742BC (2yrs)	2 Kings 15:23-26
2 Kings 16:1-20 2Chr 28:1-27	Ahaz 735BC (16yrs)	Peckah 740BC (8 yrs)	2 Kings 15:27-31 2 Chron 28:5c-15
		Hoshea 732BC (9yrs)	2 Kings 17:1-6
		END 722BC DESTRUCTION	2 Kings 17:3-41
2 Kings 18:1 – 20:21 2Chr 29:1 – 32:33	Hezekiah 715BC (29yrs)
2 Kings 21:1-18 2Chr 33:1-20	Manasseh 697BC (55yrs)
2 Kings 21:19-26 2Chr 33:21-25	Amon 642BC (2yrs)
2 Kings 22:1 - 23:30 2Chr 34:1 – 35:27	Josiah 640BC (31yrs)
2 Kings 23:31-33 2Chron 36:1-4	Jehoahaz 609BC (3 months)
2 Kings 23:34 – 24:6 2Chr 36:5-8	Jehoiakim 609BC (11yrs)
2 Kings 24:8-15, 2 Kings 25:27-30 2Chr 36:9-10	Jehoiachin 598BC (3 months)
2 Kings 24:17 – 25:7 2Chr 36:11-14	Zedekiah 597BC (11yrs)
2 Kings 25:8-26 2Chr 36:15-23	END 586BC EXILE

The Main Towns referred to in 1 & 2 Kings

A number of towns are mentioned in the history of these two books, and if you have a map in the back of your Bible, you would do well to look them up at the outset, so that you more fully understand all that is happening.

Jerusalem	Original capital of Israel , and then of the southern kingdom, Judah. Little to do with the kings of the northern kingdom.
Bethel	On what became the border of Israel and Judah , the place in the south of the northern kingdom where Jeroboam set up a calf to be worshipped (1 Kings 12:28,29)
Tirzah	A town in the centre of Israel where Jeroboam settled at the start of the northern kingdom and where his son died (1 Kings 14:17). Baasha also later reigned from there (1 Kings 15:33) as did Elah (1 Kings 16:8), then Zimri (1 Kings 16:15) and finally Omri (1 Kings 16:23) before moving to Samaria.
Samaria	Located in the central area of Israel , it became the capital of the northern kingdom where the kings of Israel lived. Built by Omri (1 Kings 16:24), then used by Ahab (1 Kings 16:29) and subsequent king of Israel.
Shiloh	A town in the southern part of the northern kingdom where Ahijah the prophet lived (1 Kings 14:2)
Jezreel	A town in the north in the area, which in Jesus' time we refer to as Galilee , became Ahab's summer residence (1 Kings 18:45), where Joram rested after battle (2 Kings 8:29) and Jezebel died (2 Kings 9:30 -) and Ahab's family were killed (2 Kings 10:11)
Damascus	The capital of Syria (Aram) to the north east of Israel (1 Kings 15:18)
Ramoth Gilead	A town in the north east of Israel , that had been taken by Aram from Israel (1 Kings 22:3) that Ahab wanted to get back. It was there years later that Joram was wounded (2 Kings 8:28 ,29) It was also where Jehu was anointed (2 Kings 9:1-6)

 

In addition to the location of the towns you may also wish to note the location of Mount Carmel which was in the far north west of Israel .

  

God's Word coming to kings of Israel in 1 & 2 Kings

 

Reference	Prophet	Recipient	Content
1 Kings 11:11 -13	?directly	Solomon	God will split the kingdom away from Solomon's family because of his sin Fulfilled: 1 Kings 11:26- Jeroboam's rebellion
1 Kings 11:29 -39	Ahijah	Jeroboam	God will tear away ten tribes and give them to Jeroboam. If he follows the Lord his family will prosper. Fulfilled: 1 Kings 12 – Jeroboam's rebellion
1 Kings 12:22 -24	Shemaiah	Rehoboam	Don't fight the breakaway tribes. Fulfilled: The don't fight
1Kings 13:1-3	A man of God	Jeroboam	The false priests will be killed by Josiah at Bethel Fulfilled: 300 years later – 2 Kings 23:15 -20
1 Kings 14:7-16	Ahijah	Jeroboam's wife	You have done evil and your family will be destroyed and Israel will eventually be destroyed because of your sin. Fulfilled: By Baasha – 1 Kings 15:27 -30
1 Kings 16:1-4	Jehu	Baasha	You have sinned so your house will be wiped out. Fulfilled: By Zimri – 1 Kings 16:9-13
1 Kings 17:1	Elijah	Ahab	Drought for 3 years Fulfilled: 1 Kings 18:1 - 3 years without rain
1 Kings 18:1,2	Elijah	Ahab	Drought will now end Fulfilled: 1 Kings 18:45 - it rains
1 Kings 20:13 -14	A prophet	Ahab	God will defeat the army of Aram . The young officers will do it. Fulfilled: victory – 1 Kings 20:19-21
1 Kings 20:22	Same prophet	Ahab	Strengthen yourselves, he'll be back next Spring Fulfilled: 1 Kings 20:26 They return
1 Kings 20:28	Same prophet	Ahab	God will defeat this vast army Fulfilled: 1 Kings 20:29,30 – victory
1 Kings 20:39 -42	Son of a prophet	Ahab	Your life is forfeit because you spared the enemy king Fulfilled: see below
1 Kings 21:17 -24	Elijah	Ahab	For murdering Naboth you will die and your family and wife Fulfilled: Because Ahab fasted the Lord lifted the immediate death sentence (v.28,29)(2 Kings 10:17 )
1 Kings 22:17 -23	Micaiah	Ahab	You will be defeated because you will believe the lying spirit in your prophets. Fulfilled: Ahab killed in battle (1 Kings 22:34 ,35)
2 Kings 1:3,4	Elijah	Ahaziah	You will not recover and die Fulfilled: He dies (2 Kings 1:17 )
2 Kings 3:17-19	Elisha	Joram	You will defeat Moab Fulfilled: Israel defeat them (2 Kings 3:24 )
2 Kings 6:9	Elisha	Joram	Warns where the army of Aram was
2 Kings 7:1,2	Elisha	Joram	Siege of Samaria will be ended Fulfilled: Army fled (2 Kings 7:6)
2 Kings 8:10	Elisha	Hazael	Ben-Hadad will die Fulfilled: Hazael kills him (2 Kings 8:15 )
2 Kings 9:1-3	Elisha	Jehu	(Via another prophet) Wipe out Ahab's house Fulfilled: Kills Joram (2 Kings 9:24 )
2 Kings 10:30	?direct	Jehu	You house will survive to 4 th generation Fulfilled: Exactly (2 Kings 15:12 )
2 Kings 13:19	Elisha	Jehoash	You will defeat Aram 3 times Fulfilled: Exactly (2 Kings 13:25 )

      

What may appear surprising at first sight from this table is that all of these kings were living sinful lives by not taking their responsibility for the covenant people of God, and yet the Lord still spoke to them.

 

These kings might have been irresponsible and godless but they still belong to the people that have been called by God to be His people and so they are still in some form of relationship with Him, whether they like it or not.

      

The Kings as seen in the books of 1 & 2 Kings

        As an overview, it is useful to see how the writer(s) of 1 & 2 Kings spread their records of the kings.

 

	JUDAH	ISRAEL
1 Kings 1	David
1 Kings 2	David & Solomon
1 Kings 3-11	Solomon
1 Kings 12	Rehoboam	Jeroboam
1 Kings 13		Jeroboam
1 Kings 14	Rehoboam	Jeroboam
1 Kings 15	Abijah & Asa	Nadab & Baasha
1 Kings 16		Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab
1 Kings 17		(Elijah)
1 Kings 18		Ahab (Elijah)
1 Kings 19		Ahab (Elijah & Elisha)
1 Kings 20		Ahab
1 Kings 21		Ahab (Elijah)
1 Kings 22	Jehoshaphat	Ahab & Ahaziah
2 Kings 1		Ahaziah (Elijah)
2 Kings 2		(Elijah & Elisha)
2 Kings 3	Jehoshaphat	Joram (Elisha)
2 Kings 4-7		(Elisha)
2 Kings 8	Jehoram & Ahaziah	(Elisha)
2 Kings 9 & 10		Jehu
2 Kings 11	Athaliah & Joash
2 Kings 12	Joash
2 Kings 13		Jehoahaz & Jehoash
2 Kings 14	Amaziah	Jeroboam II
2 Kings 15	Azariah (i.e. Uzziah), Jotham	Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Peckahiah, Pekah
2 Kings 16	Ahaz
2 Kings 17		Hoshea, fall of Samaria
2 Kings 18-20	Hezekiah
2 Kings 21	Manasseh & Amon
2 Kings 22	Josiah
2 Kings 23	Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim
2 Kings 24	Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah
2 Kings 25	Fall of Jerusalem

Summary of the conflicts between Israel & Aram in 1 & 2 Kings

   

Ref	Conflict
1 Kings 15:19	King Baasha obviously had a treaty with Ben-Hadad which was then broken by Aram who attacked Israel (v.20).    See also 2 Chron 16:1-6
1 Kings 20	Ben-Hadad besieges king AHAB in Samaria . A prophet brings guidance and Aram are defeated.
1 Kings 22	Israel and Judah unite to reclaim their lands being held by Aram . Micaiah the prophet warns Ahab of defeat, but he ignores the warning and is killed fighting against Aram.
2 Kings 5:2	Marauding bands from Aram obviously still ravaged parts of Israel.
2 Kings 6:8-	Aram tries to ambush the king of Israel but Elisha keeps warning him so Aram besiege Dothan to try to capture Elisha but end of being blinded and captured.
2 Kings 6:24-	Ben-Hadad besieges Samaria a second time – now king JORAM. God deals with the army (7:6).
2 Kings 8:7-	Elisha prophesies in Damascus over Hazael and as a result he kills Ben-Hadad and reigns in his stead.
2 Kings 8:28-	Joram wounded in battle against Aram.
2 Kings 10:32-	Hazael takes the land to the east of the Jordan from Israel.
2 Kings 13:3,25	Jehoahaz suppressed by Hazael.
2 Kings 13:25	Jehoash takes land back from Aram (Ben-Hadad III – see below).
2 Kings 14:28	Jeroboam II took Damascus . NB. This is the last reference to Aram during the reigns of the kings of Israel although Rezin came against Judah .

 

Note 1: Older translations use the word ‘ Syria ' instead of Aram , but the designation of this city state based on Damascus didn't become Syria until some centuries later.

 

Note 2: The rulers of Aram :

History is not very clear about these timings so what follows is somewhat speculative. It is likely that there were 2 or 3 kings named Ben-Haddad. Possibly:

• Ben-Hadad I – about 900 to about 860, during Baasha's reign.
• Beh-Hadad II – possibly about 860 to 843, during Ahab's reign (though this could be the first king ruling through from about 900 to 843) and through to near end of Joram's reign
• Hazael – 843 to 796
• Ben-Hadad III – 796 to 770, in reign of Jehoash
• Rezin – perhaps 750 to 732 during the reigns of some of the last kings of Israel but only mentioned as attacking Judah .
• In 732 Damascus finally fell to Assyria

The Role of Assyria at the end of the northern kingdom

   

Reference	King of Israel	Activity
2 Kings 15:19	Menahem	King Pul (Tiglath-Pileser) invaded and took tribute.
2 Kings 15:29	Pekah	Tiglath-Pileser captured the north (Galilee etc.) and deported the people.
2 Kings 17:3	Hoshea	Shalmaneser deported all the people of the northern kingdom.