Exodus
12: The Passover & the Festival of Unleavened Bread
v.1-6
Preparation Instructions for Israel
v.7-11
Instructions for the Night
v.12-13
What the Lord will do
v.14-20
Instructions for Future Commemoration
v.21-23
Instructions for Now & Why
v.24-29
When to do it in the future and why
v.29,30
The Passover – the Tenth Plague
v.31-42
The Exodus
v.43-51
Passover Regulations & Restrictions
v.1-6
Preparation Instructions for Israel
v.1
The
Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt,
v.2
“This
month is to be for you the first month, the first month of your
year.
v.3
Tell
the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month
each man is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household.
v.4
If
any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one
with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number
of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed
in accordance with what each person will eat.
v.5
The
animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and
you may take them from the sheep or the goats.
v.6
Take
care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the
members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.
[Notes:
These instructions came from God to Moses & Aaron
for them to communicate to their people. Note:
i]
This would become the beginning of a new year for them from now
on,
ii]
On the tenth day of this month every household was to take a lamb,
a year old without defect, sheep or goats, and keep it and slaughter
it on the FOURTEENTH in the evening,
iii]
If the household was very small they could share in with their
neighbour.]
v.7-11
Instructions for the Night
v.7
Then
they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and
tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs.
v.8
That
same night they are to eat the meat roasted over the fire, along
with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast.
v.9
Do
not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with
the head, legs and internal organs.
v.10
Do
not leave any of it till morning; if some is left till morning,
you must burn it.
v.11
This
is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt,
your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it
in haste; it is the Lord's Passover.
[Notes:
The instructions proceeded to tell them what to do with
the lamb:
i]
Take some of the blood of the slaughtered lamb and dab it on the
doorframes of their houses.
ii]
That night they are to eat the lamb, roasted with bitter herbs
and unleavened bread. This is the Passover Meal with the Passover
Lamb.
iii]
Any lamb left over is to be burnt.
iv]
They are to eat it, prepared and dressed ready to leave.
For
reflection consider the descriptions of Jesus – Jn 1:29,36, Rev
5:6,12, 7:14, 12:11]
v.12-13
What the Lord will do
v.12
“On
that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every
firstborn of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment
on all the gods of Egypt. I am the Lord.
v.13
The
blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and
when I see the blood, I will pass over you.
No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.
[Notes:
The impending disaster is clearly laid out. Judgment
is going to come on every firstborn except where there is blood
of the lamb, which will save all of Israel who are being obedient.]
v.14-20
Instructions for Future Commemoration
To
be followed by future generations
v.14
“This
is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you
shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.
Celebrate
for a week
v.15
For
seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast. On the first
day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything
with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be
cut off from Israel.
Start
& Finish with a Solemn Assembly
v.16
On
the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh
day. Do no work at all on these days, except to prepare food for
everyone to eat; that is all you may do.
This
is the Feast of Unleavened Bread
v.17
“Celebrate
the Festival of Unleavened Bread, because it
was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.
Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations
to come.
It's
to be unleavened – without yeast
v.18
In
the first month you are to eat bread made without yeast, from
the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first
day.
v.19
For
seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone,
whether foreigner or native-born, who eats anything with yeast
in it must be cut off from the community of Israel.
v.20
Eat
nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live, you must eat unleavened
bread.”
[Notes:
This event is to be remembered and celebrated every
year:
•
It is
to last a week,
•
Yeast
must be removed from the house for the seven days of the celebration,
•
First
& last days are to be solemn remembrances,
•
It is
the remembrance of the Lord delivering them from Egypt,
•
No yeast
is to be eaten throughout the feast [a reminder of the haste]
v.21-23
Instructions for Now & Why
v.21
Then
Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go
at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter
the Passover lamb.
v.22
Take
a bunch of hyssop, dip it into the blood in the basin and put
some of the blood on the top and on both sides of the doorframe.
None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning.
v.23
When
the Lord goes through the land to strike down the Egyptians, he
will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will
pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer to
enter your houses and strike you down.
[Notes:
Go and prepare – now! Slaughter the lamb, put blood
on the doorposts, don't leave your home until the morning, and
the destroying angel will Pass over and not be allowed past the
blood.]
v.24-29
When to do it in the future and why
v.24
“Obey
these instructions as a lasting ordinance for you and your descendants.
v.25
When
you enter the land that the Lord will give you as he promised,
observe this ceremony.
v.26
And
when your children ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?'
v.27
then
tell them, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord, who passed
over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes
when he struck down the Egyptians.'” Then the people bowed down
and worshiped.
v.28
The
Israelites did just what the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron.
[Notes:
You are to do this in the land, every year, and when
your children ask why tell them what happened.]
v.29,30
The Passover – the Tenth Plague
v.29
At
midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, from
the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn
of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of
all the livestock as well.
v.30
Pharaoh
and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the
night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not
a house without someone dead.
[Notes:
And so at midnight it happened. In every family throughout
Egypt there was a dead body, either a lamb or a firstborn son.
No exemptions.]
v.31-42
The Exodus
Instruction
to go
v.31
During
the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave
my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship the Lord as you
have requested.
v.32
Take
your flocks and herds, as you have said, and go. And also bless
me.”
Urged
to go
v.33
The
Egyptians urged the people to hurry and leave the country. “For
otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”
Carry
the unleavened bread
v.34
So
the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried
it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing.
Plundering
the Egyptians [12:36 fulfilling 3:22]
v.35
The
Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for
articles of silver and gold and for clothing.
v.36
The
Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people,
and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the
Egyptians.
They
set off
v.37
The
Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Sukkoth. There were about
six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children.
Some
Egyptians went with them
v.38
Many
other people went up with them, and also large droves of livestock,
both flocks and herds.
The
Dough signified haste
v.39
With
the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves
of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they
had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare
food for themselves.
The
Lord's Timing
v.40
Now
the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt was 430
years.
v.41
At
the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord's divisions
left Egypt.
v.42
Because
the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on
this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord
for the generations to come.
[Notes:
Observe the order of events:
•
Pharaoh
tells the Israelites to leave, encouraged on by the Egyptians,
•
The Israelites
took their unleavened bread with them,
•
They
go to Sukkoth near the eastern border of Egypt,
•
Other
Egyptians join them,
•
They
make loaves from the unleavened bread.]
v.43-51
Passover Regulations & Restrictions
v.43
The
Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the
Passover meal:
“No
foreigner may eat it.
v.44,45
Any
slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised him,
but a temporary resident or a hired worker may not eat it.
v.46
“It
must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside
the house. Do not break any of the bones.
v.47
The
whole community of Israel must celebrate it.
v.48
“A
foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord's
Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised;
then he may take part like one born in the land. No uncircumcised
male may eat it.
v.49
The
same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner
residing among you.”
v.50
All
the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded Moses and
Aaron.
v.51
And
on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt
by their divisions.
[Notes:
Rules & Restrictions:
Restriction:
no foreigner to eat of the Passover meal, [v.43]
Restriction:
only those males who are circumcised could eat of it, [v.44,45,48]
Rule:
it must be eaten inside the house, [v.46]
Rule:
the whole community of Israel must celebrate it, [v.47]
Rule:
it must apply to native Israelites and those who join them [v.49]
Continue to Chapter 13